4G is a telecommunication standard for providing
high speed broadband services. The whole world may be crazy about 4G but these
standards lack cooperative relaying. If a mobile phone is connected to two or
more mobile towers during a phone call it is known as soft handover or
cooperative relaying. If there is cooperative relaying it is possible for a
mobile phone to receive communication signals from two or more radio stations
at the same time. Tikona Digital Networks is an amazing startup that offers cooperative relaying .Given below is a list of 4G standards that lack cooperative relaying.
1) UMB
UMB is the abbreviation for Ultra Mobile
Broadband. This communication standard was developed by Qualcomm. UMB was
developed on the TCP-IP protocol and uses radio systems to transmit and receive
information from one mobile phone tower to another. UMB features frequency
division duplex, IP network architecture, mixed cell sizes and scalable
bandwidths. UMB supports a wide variety of topologies and offers scalable
bandwidths. Its adaptive interference management features gives more user data
rates and it provides amazing download speeds of up to 250 Mega bits per
second.
2) IEEE 802.20
This 4G standard was developed by the
International Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Two important
standards fall into this category. MBWA and iBurst fall into this category.
MBWA stands for Mobile Broadband Wireless Access. MBWA was published in the
year 2008 by IEEE. MBWA offers speeds of up to 80 Mega bits per second. MBWA
utilizes packet switching architecture and supports low bit rates. iBurst is a
technology developed by the company Arraycomm. iBurst was developed in the year
2000 and adopted by Alliance
for Telecommunications Industry Solutions. Both these systems lack cooperative
relaying.
3) OFDM
OFDM stands for Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing. OFDM encodes data on different carrier frequencies to deliver
incredible speeds of up to 300 Mega bits per second. OFDM is used by
telecommunication giants like Tikona digital networks and has become very
popular worldwide. OFDM is highly sensitive to Doppler shifts and can create
frequency synchronization issues within the network.
All these 4G standards lack cooperative relaying.
However there are some exciting new 4G standards like LTE advanced and IEEE
802.16 that incorporates cooperative relaying. A soft-handover is a very
important required for wireless broadband networks and the telecommunication
companies and educational institutions should spend more money, time and
research on developing 4G standards that has cooperative relaying features. 4G
is an incredible broadband standard but it does lack some key features.
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